Brick-kiln



Y 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. C. F. KAUL.

BRICK KILN.

- (No Model.)

Patented Aug. 14, 1894.

Wfuesses. 94.

UNITEDv STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARL F. KAUL, OF MADISON, NEBRASKA.

BRICK- KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 524,442, dated August14, 1894.

Application filed March l0, 1894.

To all 1071/0111/ it may con/cern:

Beit known that I, CARL F. KAUL, a citizen of the United Sta-tes,residing at Madison, in the county of Madison and State of Nebraska,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick-Kilnsg and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the saine..

This invention relates to brick kilns and consistsin certainimprovements in the construction of certain kilns described in certainLetters Patent formerly issued to me and numbered 486,972 and 507,274respectively.

In the accompanying drawings Figure l represents a plan, sectional viewof a kiln having my improvements, the section being taken just above thedoor ot' the kiln. Fig. 2 is a sectional side view of the kiln. Fig. 3is a transverse section taken on line 1;*03 of Fig. l. Fig. 4 is avertical section taken on line zz of Fig. l. Fig. 5 shows a modificationin the construction of the upper part of the kiln. Fig. 6 shows amodiiication in the construction of the rear end of the kiln. Fig. 7 isa vertical section taken on the line g/-y of Fig. 6.

The kiln building may be constructed partly on a curve and partly onparallel lines as shown in Fig. 1, the front wall A, being at one end ofthe structure and the side walls B, B', extending to the rear end of thekiln. The brick compartment is continuous and extends between the wallsB, B from one end of the kiln to the other, doors G being placed atintervals for access to the interior. Two main, underground ilues D, Dextend along the walls B, B and connect with the chamber M which isbuilt around the smoke stack K. Another main, underground flue E extendsalong the inner wall B, and is connected with the chamber M by anunderground flue F.

The front wall A of the kiln has a number of furnaces a therein, and aninnerwall O, in rear of wall A, has openings b therein,which are onlines with furnaces a, for the passage of iire from said furnaces to theinterior of the kiln. Vertical iiues d are formed between the front andinner walls A and C, said ilues extending upward and being connectedwith the interior of the kiln by openings e, c', in

Serial No. 503,164. (No model.)

the wall C. Aslrpits e are located under the furnace grates e. Thevertical ilues d are connected laterally by aperturesjwhich are somewhatabove the plane of the furnace grates and short passages g are made inthe division walls of dues d, and extend'down from apertures f, to anunderground lue d', which extends across under the kiln. The shortpassages g, between flues d, and apertures f, laterally connecting iluesCZ, serve to prevent the coal cinders and gases from accumulating in theflue d below, and also serve to keep the iiue CZ clear for a freepassage from the rear end of the kiln to the frontend.

Underground ilues h, 7L', extend under the floor of the kiln and abouthalf Way across from opposite sides and are connected with the interiorseverally by apertures t' in the iioor. Each flue 7L is in line with aflue 7L', and two f1ues,? and 2, in the Walls of the kiln connect saidflues 777L' with the interior. The flues h 7L extend outward and connectwith main underground ilues. Slide damper-s Z, Z', in lues h, h', arefor regulating the draft from the interior through said ilues to main,underground iiues.

Vertical lues m m', adjacent one to the other, are formed in or builtoutside of the opposite walls at intervals, both of said flues beingconnected at their lower ends with one of the main underground iues bybranch lues n. The iiues m, m extend upward and are then turned inward,so that the flue m connects with the interior of the kiln at a pointabout half way from the floor to the top of the kiln, and the flue mconnects with a horizontal ilue o on the top of the kiln and extendingabout one half of the distance across the top-see Fig. 3.

Dampers fn. are provided for iiues m, m. Flues m2 are similar to lues m,and are connected in like manner with underground dues.

The lues o which extend from opposite side walls nearly to the centerline of the top of the kiln are removable and are connected with theinterior of the kiln by small tlues p. The top covering of the kiln maybe in the form of an arch I having perforations in which thimbles areset to form small ilues p, a filling of earth or other suitable materialbeing placed about the thimbles so as to formV a TOO level surface atthe top; or the top may be constructed, as seen in Fig. 5, with upperand lower straight surfaces. The fines o, in position extend from tluesm on opposite sides of the kiln nearly to the center line of the top sothat each ue o covers one half of a row of apertures p, so that draftsare formed from opposite parts of the interior through the top, then toopposite flues in and downward to opposite, main underground fines.

During the continuous drying, burning and cooling in the kiln, the fineso are moved rearward from time to time, and placed in connection withtwo opposite dues m and with small flues p of another section of thekiin; and when fines o are removed from one set of flues p, the lattermay be closed by means of covers p', as seen in Fig. 3.

As will be seen, the underground iiues 7i, 71,', extending in oppositedirections from about 0r near the center line of the kiln, withapertures t' in the floor, connecting the flues h, 7L', severally withopposite parts of the interior, form downward and outward drafts fromthe interior of the kiln to main, underground tlues one of which is oneither side of the kiln and leads to the smoke stack. The flues m, m',in opposite walls B, B', are also independent flues, the fines m forminglateral drafts in opposite directions from the interior and downward todifferent main underground lines, one of which is on either side of thekiln, and the iiues mforming upward drafts through lues p in the top ofthe kiln and through tlues o and downward through tliies m to opposite,main underground dues.

Flues h2 are located along the curved portion of the wall B and extendunder the door of the kiln about or nearly to the center line of thekiln floor and are connected with the interior of the kiln and withunderground flues, by constructions similar to those of flues h. Flues rlocated at intervals along both walls of the kiln connect the interiorwith main, underground fiues by branch tlues fr. Dampers are providedfor branch dues 7' as seen at s.

J indicates the rear wall of the kiln, said wall being shown in verticalsection in Fig. 2. The rear wall is provided with vertical tlues it, u',which connect at their lower ends with an underground fine 7c along saidrear Wall. The dues u extend nearly to the top of the wall and are thenturned to and connect with the interior, and lines n extend abouthalfway to the top and are then turned to and connect with the interioras shown in Fig. 2. The fines a, u are provided with dampers c forregulating draft through said ilues.

In the rear wall J is a series of passages from an underground flue u2to the interior of the kiln, said flue u? extending across the kiln andconnecting with iiiies D and E and also with iiue L which is anunderground iue which extends across from the rear part of the kiln tothe front part. The flue k connects at one end with the flue D and atthe opposite end with dues E and L, so that the operation may becontinued from the rear end of the -kiln to the front end.

K indicates the smoke-stack around which, at the base, is built achamber M, in which is placed a furnace R which communicates with thefine of the stack by a downward fine w Within the stack. Fliie openingsS are inade in opposite sides of the stack at its base for the draft toenter from the chamber M. An opening in the top of the furnace R isprovided with a damper n3.

In Fig. G is shown in elevation, and in Fig. 7 in vertical section, amodification in the construction of the rear part of the kiln, a door Tbeing made in the center of the reai' wall, and a stationary flue wbeing located on and along the top of said wall and connected withvertical side dues o2 which are provided with dampers z. One of saidfines n2, connects flue w', with uiidergiound flue D and the other flueU2 connects due w with underground fiues E and L. A dainpei U in flue E,near the reai end of the kiln, is closed when the connection is madebetween the rear and the f ioiit end of the kiln through the ilue L.Short vertical fines v4, and c5 are made in the rear lwall J and connectthe interior of the kiln with the fille w on the top of the wall. Thusan upward draft is formed through lines et and o5 to flue w', and fromthence downward through the side tlues o2, to the fines E and L, and toiue D.

The door T is intended for taking brick into the kiln at its rear end,this being done iisiially by cars. Often the brick are dried incar-driers, said brick being loaded on cars which are run into thedrier; and the door T is provided at the rear end of the kiln to admitthe loaded cars for suoli purpose and also for burning.

In operation, the kiln may be used by sections continuonsly, one or moresections being first charged with green brick and separated by temporarypartitions as indicated atl and 2 in Fig. l; vertical openings aro leftin the mass 'of brick in each section, suoli openings extending from topto bottoni, said openings being directly under the iiues p in the top ofthe kiln and spaced equally both longitudinally and cross-wise of thekiln.

Suppose the first and second sections to be charged with green brick onbeginning operation; the doors to those sections of the kiln are closedand the dampers, Z, Z', of Iiues h, 7i', communicating with the interioiof said two sections, are opened; the caps or covers are removed from aline of flues p which are in line with two flues m of the kiln and tworemovable iues o, are placed in connection with two opposite fines m andwith the line of tlues p, the caps having been removed from the latter,so that each flue o is in connec- IOO IIO

tion with one half of the flues p in the row; I

the dampers in iiies m', are then opened. Passages being thus openedfrom the first and second sections of the kiln to the smoke stack, thefire is then started; the fire and draft from furnaces a, pass rearwardthrough openings b, fines d, and openings c and c to the interior of thekiln, going through the mass of green brick therein, and through thefioor to fines h, h, and from thence to the main, underground fiues andto the smoke stack. Meanwhile the third section of the kiln is beingfilled with green brick, in like manner with section two, and atemporary partition is placed in rear of section three; two flues o, areplaced over another row of fiues p, in the top and farther rearward, thecaps being removed as before; the dampersZ and l', of section three, andthe damper s of flue r, section three, is opened, as are also thedampers of lines m, m and m2 of said section. Meantime the tiring in thefirst and second sections having proceeded, the brick in the formerbeing red hot and in the latter nearly dry, fuel is fed to the firstsection through the flues p in the top of the kiln; the fourth section"is then filled with green brick and the operation is continued asbefore.

I claim- 1. In a continuous kiln, main underground fines, at and alongthe opposite sides of the kiln, branch fiues connecting said main fluesseverally and independently with the interior of the kiln from oppositesides thereof, and a smoke-stack, to which said main fines lead and withwhich they are severally connected, substantially as set forth anddescribed.

2. The combination with the front Wall of a kiln, provided with a seriesof furnaces, of an inner wall, provided with openings in lines with saidfurnaces, vertical flues formed between said front and inner Walls, saidvertical flues being connected laterally by apertures above the plane ofthe furnace grates, short flues or passages which extend downward fromsaid apertures to an underground flue below, substantially as set forthand described.

3. In a kiln, the combination with main underground fines, extendingalong opposite sides of the kiln and having connections with asmoke-stack, of a series of vertical flues. placed at intervals alongthe opposite walls and connected at their lower ends with said mainfines, some of said vertical fiues having connection with the interiorthrough the top of the kiln and others through the side walls, thevertical fines on each side connecting with the interior of the kilnindependently and with opposite parts of the interior, substantially asset forth and described.

4. The combination with the rear wall of a kiln, of a horizontal flue onthe top of said wall, vertical flues in said rear wall, connecting withsaid horizontal flue and with theinterior of the kiln, a vertical flue,on each side of the kiln, connecting with said horizontal flue andextending down to and connecting with underground flues running to asmokestack,substantially as setfortli and described.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

CARL F. KAUL.

Witnesses:

D. G. STUART, A. RUPPERT.

